The Feminization of Witchery and the Magic of Religion - Journal 2

    Pages 62-119 of A History of Magic, Witchcraft, and the Occult focused on continuing the story of magic in our world's history. The first thing that stood out to while reading was seidhr, the heart of Norse magic, along with the Norns. Seidhr was practiced mainly by women, and in fact it was considered "effeminate and therefore shameful" (pg. 65) for men to practice it. I find it fascinating that even all those years ago, the feminization of magic and witchery was establishing a strong foundation. 

    We discussed this topic in class as well, relating to the book Malleus Maleficarum by Heinrich Kramer. Kramer's book became increasingly popular, especially in Europe, and went on to be used by judges in witch trials. When reading excerpts from his book in class, I could not help but think about how the historical belief that women are more susceptible to being swayed by the demons/the devil have a lasting impact on the world of witchery even today. When we think of magic in general, I think most people think of magic as more feminine than masculine. It is interesting think about the longstanding relation between magic and women, especially when we question if magic was forced upon women. As I mentioned in class, I think maybe part of Kramer's point in writing this book was because the church wanted to put a reason to wha was happening - they wanted a pretty explanation that they could tie up with a bow. And what better way to make an explanation than to attribute it to women and the belief that women were weaker individuals and could not resist temptation. 

    Another aspect of the reading that I found intriguing is the connection between magic and religion, specifically Christianity. On page 77, it says that interpreting dreams was highly popular in Byzantium. While the church at the time were trying to get rid of paganism and separate themselves from heresy, there were definitely things that slipped through the cracks. It is interesting to think about what the church deemed as acceptable and unacceptable within the realm of magic. Interpreting dreams could certainly be categorized as a sort of magic, and there are esteemed characters in the Holy Bible that are known for interpreting dreams. 

    This same delicate dance between religion and magic is seen with the growth of Islam as well. Page 78 talks about how the Quran "frowned upon" pagan talismans, however that did not stop Muslims at the time from calling upon the power of these talismans. This transition period from a time of paganism and magic to a time of devout faith and religion seems to mark an important moment in the history of magic. Which pagan practices fell under the protected umbrella of religion and which did not?